I usually make the process simple: don’t call unfamiliar numbers immediately, search the exact number first, and check whether there are repeated reports or business information. For Polish numbers, https://scannero.com/who-called-me/poland/ is one option for doing that without having to investigate every number from scratch. If the results look normal, you can decide whether to answer next time. If the number appears suspicious or repeatedly unwanted, blocking it may be easier.
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